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Setting in Fiction

What is setting? In fiction, the setting is the total environment where the actions or events take place. It is always called "the where and when of the story" and covers the place (physical, sensuous world) where the events occur, the time or age of the action, the social and cultural environment (moral values that govern the characters’ society, manners, customs, etc.) and atmosphere.  The place setting can be fixed such as in Hemingway’s Old Man at the Bridge . The story is set mainly at the bridge or varied like in Hemingway’s Cat in the Rain . The place settings of this story shift from the couple’s room, the front office, and the terrace of the hotel. In relation to this, we can say that the short story is set in some places where the events in the story occur. Bocarro’s A Long Walk Home also uses varied place settings. The author shifts the place setting from the road to a garage then to a bioscope. The place setting can also be foreign, in the sense that the story is...

Impacts of Point of View in Fiction

  Impacts of Point of View in Fiction   In the previous article titled  Point of View in Fiction: Nature and Types ,  we have seen that point of view  is essentially a method of presentation. It is the particular voice (or narrator, speaker, teller or persona) selected by the author through which he conveys his story, defines a problem, or describes a state of mind. In writing a story, an author can choose one or more of the first-person, the second-person, or the third person to suit his intentions. Thus, to the readers, point of view is  the perspective  through  which they see the action, observe the characters, view the setting, hear the dialogues and even learn what a character thinks and feels by seeing inside his or her mind (if the author employs the omniscient viewpoint). Different points of view naturally impact the information sent. If you listen to five different persons who saw an accident, you will get five different versions of re...

Characterization in Fiction

  Characterization in Fiction Parlindungan Pardede parlpard2010@gmail.com    In the previous article titled The Nature and Types of Character in Fiction , characters, or people, animals, plants, things, or other creatures representing persons, are one of the most important elements of literary fictions, including a short story, because they push the plot forward and they illustrate and personify the themes. All stories would be nothing without the created characters within them. Consequently, to get a deeper meaning of a story, we should understand the characters’ psychological traits, personalities, and other attributes. To achieve it, we need to examine the literary device the authors use to present details to portray and develop them. In literature, that tool is called characterization. To avoid misunderstanding, character and characterization should be clearly differentiated. The term character has two different meanings. First, as it has been defined previously, ...

An Analysis of the Theme and Plot of "A Long Walk Home"

  An Analysis of the Theme and Plot of   A Long Walk Home Summary of the Short Story Boccaro’s  A Long walk Home  is a short story that tells how Jackson, a teen with a delinquent tendency, grows wiser after experiencing a bitter experience with his father. It begins when one morning Jackson is asked to have his father’s car repaired in a garage 18 miles away from their home on condition that when the car is finished, Jackson should pick his father at 4 p.m. since the car requires a few hours to be serviced, after dropping of it to the garage, he watches some movies up to 6 p.m. To avoid his father from getting angry for his being late, Jackson says that it takes long to repair the car without realizing that his father has phoned the garage and knows there’s no problem with the car. Jackson’s lie makes his father angry to himself for his failure to educate his son. So he refuses to get into the car and walks home. This makes Jackson very regretful and decides not to ...

Types and Functions of Plot

Type of Plots  The plot used in fictions can be differentiated into four types: linear, episodic, parallel, and flashback. The most common plot employed in short stories is the linear plot. Some short stories, though quite rarely, also use flashback plot. The episodic and parallel plots, however, are found only in long fiction, i.e. novels. Short storied do not use episodic and parallel plots because short stories normally concentrate on a single event with a very limited number of characters, while episodic and parallel plots include a series of events or more than one plot. The following section describes each plot briefly. The Linear Plot The linear plot (sometimes is also called dramatic or progressive plot) presents action or occurrences chronologically. It typically starts with an exposition (or introduction to the setting and characters) and the conflict. After that, the rising action follows which leads to a climax. Soon after the climax, falling action emerges which br...

Plot

  PLOT Definition of Plot A Plot is a series of interconnected events that make up a story. A story consists of some events that are purposively linked by an unbroken cause-effect chain. If the events that are not linked one to another, they do not form a story. Thus, to form a story, Event A must cause Event B, Event B must cause Event C, Event C must cause Event D, and so on. If Event B occurs unrelatedly to Event A, and Event C could have occurred without Event B, These three events (A, B, and C) do not form a plot. They are just a collection of unrelated events. They do not construct a story.   To get an example, let’s consider Boccaro’s A Long walk Home . In the story, the event of when Jackson is asked to take the car to a garage, drives his father to Mijas, puts the car to the garage, and watches some movies are interrelated. He will not drive his father to Mijas and watches the movies if he is not asked to take the car to a garage. He might even not decide to sto...

Summarizing a Short Story

  Also known as a synopsis, precis, or abstract, a summary is a shortened version of a longer piece of reading (text) that highpoints its key contents. Clee and Clee (1999) state that the main objective of a summary is to "give an accurate, objective representation of what the work says." Thus, "you should not include your own ideas or interpretations." In other words, you should  include only information from the story itself.  A summary, however, is not a restatement of all ideas of the story. It does not tell every event occurring in it. A summary just relates the main events without extraneous detail. It condenses the short story's main points  in your own words. Therefore,  you should not  include quotes from the original story. A summary is usually written in a solid paragraph of about up to 10 sentences. The first sentence includes the short story title, author, and subject matter. The next sentences include the main supporting events or ...

Subject Matter and Theme in Short Stories

  In this article , it is explained that every short story is unique in the sense that the elements contained by every work vary from one to another. However, since a short story is a narrative fiction that involves a limited number of characters engaged in a single event taking place in a limited setting, all short stories share similar types of elements. To get a comprehensive understanding of a short story, we need to analyze its elements, including subject matter, theme, characters, actions, setting, and the language employed as the medium. This article focuses on subject matter and theme. Before discussing the concepts related to subject matter and theme, read the following flash fiction. It will be used as a reference to clarify the concepts.   The Boulder on the Road In ancient times, a King had a boulder placed on a roadway. He then hid himself and watched to see if anyone would move the boulder out of the way. Some of the king’s wealthiest merchants and courtiers cam...