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Citing and Referencing in Academic Writing

  Citing and referencing are two closely-related crucial skills in academic writing as they enable you to effectively acknowledge the articles, books, and other resources you used while writing your academic work. Citing is used to note in the text where you use someone else’s ideas, whereas referencing is the act of listing the sources you have cited at the end of your work. Citing is actualized in the form of in-text citations that show which source you are referring to; while referencing is realized in the references list that provides the full details of the source. The references list helps your readers to find the source when they need to. In creating an academic work, citing and referencing are necessary for various reasons. First, they provide evidence to back up your ideas, arguments, claims, and assertions in your work. By citing experts in your field you show your readers that you are aware of the scope of the topic you are working on. Citations signa...

Summarizing a Short Story

  Also known as a synopsis, precis, or abstract, a summary is a shortened version of a longer piece of reading (text) that highpoints its key contents. Clee and Clee (1999) state that the main objective of a summary is to "give an accurate, objective representation of what the work says." Thus, "you should not include your own ideas or interpretations." In other words, you should  include only information from the story itself.  A summary, however, is not a restatement of all ideas of the story. It does not tell every event occurring in it. A summary just relates the main events without extraneous detail. It condenses the short story's main points  in your own words. Therefore,  you should not  include quotes from the original story. A summary is usually written in a solid paragraph of about up to 10 sentences. The first sentence includes the short story title, author, and subject matter. The next sentences include the main supporting events or ...